II. INORGANIC ACIDS AND INORGANIC OXYGEN
COMPOUNDS OF NON-METALS

Other inorganic acids and other inorganic oxygen compounds of non-metals

These subheadings include the products referred to in Note 4 to this chapter.

III. HALOGEN OR SULPHUR COMPOUNDS OF NON-METALS

Halides and halide oxides of non-metals

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2812, (A), (3), and (B), (4).

In addition to the products listed in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2812, (A) (except 3) and (B) (except 4), these subheadings include tellurium tetrachloride (TeCl₄), used mainly for imparting a patina to silverware.

IV. INORGANIC BASES AND OXIDES, HYDROXIDES
AND PEROXIDES OF METALS

Peroxides are taken to mean only compounds of a metal with oxygen the molecule of which — as is the case with hydrogen peroxide — contains the bond -0-0-.

Oxides, hydroxides or peroxides of metals which are not specified in the earlier headings or subheadings of this subchapter are to be classified in subheading 2825 90 80.

Chromium oxides and hydroxides

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2819, (A), (1).

This subheading covers the products mentioned in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2819, (A), (2), and (B).

Hydrazine and hydroxylamine and their inorganic salts; other inorganic bases; other metal oxides, hydroxides and peroxides

This subheading does not include technical molybdic oxide obtained by merely roasting molybdenite concentrates (subheading 2613 10 00).

V. SALTS AND PEROXYSALTS, OF INORGANIC ACIDS AND METALS

Fluorides; fluorosilicates, fluoroaluminates and other complex fluorine salts

In addition to the products mentioned in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2826, (A), (4) to (9), this subheading includes :

1. beryllium difluoride (BeF₂), a product of glassy appearance having a density of about 2  g/cm³ and a melting point of the order of 800 °C, very soluble in water, used as an intermediate in beryllium metallurgy. It is obtained by calcining ammonium fluoroberyllate;

2. basic beryllium fluoride (5BeF₂·2BeO), also of glassy appearance and soluble in water, having a slightly higher density (about 2,3 g/cm³).

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2826, (C), (1).

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2826, (B), (3) to (7), and (C), (2) to (5) with the exception of dipotassium hexafluorozirconate which is specifically included in subheading 2826 90 10.

Sulphates; alums; peroxosulphates (persulphates)

This subheading includes :

1. dititanium tris(sulphate) (Ti₂(SO₄)₃). In the anhydrous form this is a green crystalline powder insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute acids with which it forms a purple solution. In the hydrated state it forms a stable crystalline hydrate which is water soluble. It is used as a reducing agent in the textile industry;

3. titanium bis(sulphate) (Ti(SO₄)₂) is a white, highly hygroscopic powder of poor stability.

Phosphinates (hypophosphites), phosphonates (phosphites), phosphates and polyphosphates

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2835, (A) and (B).

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2835, (C), first paragraph, (I), and second paragraph, (1), (a), (2), (a), (b) and (c), and (3) to (8).

These subheadings do not include intermixtures of different phosphates (generally chapter 31 or subheading 3824 90 95).

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2835, (C), first paragraph, (II), (III) and (IV), and second paragraph, (1), (b), and (2), (d) to (g).

This subheading includes :

1. tetraammonium disphosphate (ammonium pyrophosphate) ((NH₄)₄P₂O₇) and pentaammonium triphosphate ((NH₄)5P₃O₁₀);

2. sodium pyrophosphates (sodium diphosphates) : tetrasodium pyrophosphate (neutral diphosphate) (Na₄P₂O₇), disodium dihydrogenpyrophosphate (acid diphosphate) (Na₂H₂P₂O₇);

4. other sodium polyphosphates having a high degree of polymerization. These include a product incorrectly known as sodium hexametaphosphate, also known as Graham's salt, which is a polymeric mixture ((NaPO₃)n) with a degree of polymerization of between 30 and 90.

This subheading also includes ammonium polyphosphates having a higher degree of polymerization, even when composed of similar series of polymers (sometimes called ammonium metaphosphates). This is the case, for example, with Kurrol ammonium salt (not to be confused with Kurro's salt, a sodium metaphosphate), a linear polymer having a high average degree of polymerization (several thousand to tens of thousands of units). This is a white crystalline powder, not very soluble in water, which is used mainly as a fireproofing agent.

Borates; peroxoborates (perborates)

This subheading includes crystallized disodium tetraborate (with 10H₂O).

This subheading includes sodium pentaborate and sodium metaborate.

Salts of oxometallic or peroxometallic acids

Manganites are the salts of manganous acid (H₂MnO₃). They are almost insoluble in water and are easily hydrolyzed.

This subheading includes copper manganite (CuMnO₃) which is used in gas-masks to oxidize carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide, and copper bis(hydrogenmanganite) (Cu(HMnO₃)₂), which is even more effective.

In addition to the manganates listed in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2841, (3), (a), this subheading also covers manganates in which manganese is pentavalent, for example, Na₃MnO₄·10H₂O.

Other salts of inorganic acids or peroxoacids, excluding azides

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2842, (II), second paragraph, (K).

In addition to the products mentioned in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2842, (I), (B) and (C), and (II), second paragraph, (D) and (E), and to selenosulphides, selenosulphates and thiotellurates mentioned in (II), second paragraph, (C), (3), this subheading includes :

2. highly purified lead telluride (PbTe) used for transistors, thermocouples, mercury vapour lamps, etc.

VI. MISCELLANEOUS

See Note 6 to this chapter.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2844, (IV), (A), (1), (B), (1), and (C), (1) to (3).

Uranium enriched in isotope 235 is marketed under the descriptions ‘slightly enriched uranium’ (containing up to about 20 % U 235) and ‘highly enriched uranium’ (containing more than 20 % U 235).

Uranium depleted in U 235 is a by-product of the production of uranium enriched in U 235. Because of its much lower cost and the large quantities available, it replaces natural uranium, especially as a fertile material, as a protective screen against radiations, as a heavy metal for the manufacture of fly wheels or in the preparation of absorbent compositions (getters) used for the purification of certain gases.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2844, (IV), in particular (A), (2), and (B), (3).

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2844, (IV), (B), (1) and (3).

Radioactive elements and isotopes and compounds other than those of subheading No 2844 10, 2844 20 or 2844 30; alloys, dispersions (including cermets), ceramic products and mixtures containing these elements, isotopes or compounds; radioactive residues

For the definition of the term ‘isotopes’, see the last sentence of Note 6 to this chapter and the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2844, (I).

For the other products mentioned in these subheadings, see the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2844, (III).

Spent (irradiated) fuel elements (cartridges) of nuclear reactors (Euratom)

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2844, (IV), (C), (4).

For the definition of the term ‘isotopes’, see the last sentence of Note 6 to this chapter and the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2844, (I).

Heavy water (deuterium oxide) (Euratom)

This subheading covers heavy water (or deuterium oxide) which resembles ordinary water in appearance and possesses the same chemical properties; its physical properties, on the other hand, are slightly different. Heavy water is used as a source of deuterium and is used, in nuclear reactors, for slowing down the neutrons which split the uranium atoms.

Deuterium and compounds thereof; hydrogen and compounds thereof, enriched in deuterium; mixtures and solutions containing these products (Euratom)

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2845, third paragraph, (1) and (3).

This subheading also covers other hydrogenated organic or inorganic compounds in which the hydrogen has been partly or completely replaced by deuterium. The most important are lithium deuteride, deuterated ammonia, deuterated hydrogen sulphide, deuterated benzene, deuterated biphenyl and deuterated terphenyls. These products are used in the nuclear industry to decelerate neutrons (moderators), as intermediates in the production of heavy water, or in studies on the reaction of thermonuclear fusion. These compounds also have important applications in organic analysis and synthesis.

This subheading includes the following isotopes and compounds :

2. boron 10, boron 11, nitrogen 15, oxygen 18 and compounds thereof (for example, ¹⁰B₂O₃, ¹⁰B₄C, ¹⁵NH₃, ¹⁸H₂O).

Compounds, inorganic or organic, of rare-earth metals, of yttrium or of scandium or of mixtures of these metals

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2846, third paragraph, (1).

This subheading includes compounds of metals of the rare earth series, called lanthanides (since lanthanum is its first element), which include the oxides of europium, gadolinium, samarium and terbium (terbite), which are used as neutron absorbers in the control or safety rods of nuclear reactors and in colour television tubes.

See also the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2846, third paragraph, (2).

See the HS General Explanatory Notes to this chapter, (A), first four paragraphs.

1. anthracene of a purity by weight of 90 % or more (subheading 2902 90 10);

3. naphthalene having a crystallizing point of 79,4 °C or more (subheading 2902 90 10);

5. xylenes containing by weight 95 % or more of xylene (total isomers) (subheadings 2902 41 00 to 2902 44 90);

7. ethylene of a purity by volume of 95 % or more (subheading 2901 21 00);

9. fatty alcohols of a purity by weight of 90 % or more, as calculated on the anhydrous product, and containing six or more carbon atoms (subheading 2905 16, 2905 17 00 or 2905 29 90);

11. phenol of a purity by weight of 90 % or more (subheading 2907 11 00);

13. fatty acids (other than oleic acid) of a purity by weight of 90 % or more, as calculated on the anhydrous product, and containing six or more carbon atoms (heading Nos 2915 and 2916);

14. oleic acid of a purity by weight of 85 % or more, as calculated on the anhydrous product (subheading 2916 15 00);

16. methylpyridine (picoline), 5-ethyl-2-methylpyridine (5-ethyl-2-picoline) and 2-vinyl-pyridine, of a purity by weight of 90 % or more (subheading 2933 39);

18. 1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline, of a purity by weight exceeding 85 %, calculated on the anhydrous product (subheading 2933 40 90);

20. the derivatives of the fatty acids and of the fatty alcohols of items 9, 13 and 14 above (for example, salts, esters (other than those of glycerine), amines, amides, nitriles), provided that they satisfy the criteria set for the corresponding fatty acids and alcohols.

See the HS General Explanatory Notes to this chapter, (A), final paragraph.

The aqueous solutions permitted are only those that are true solutions, even if because of insufficient water the substance is only partly dissolved.

As regards the addition of a stabilizer, anti-dusting agent, colouring agent or odoriferous substances, see the HS General Explanatory Notes to this chapter, (A), penultimate paragraph.

The provisions of this Note apply only to the classification, as between headings, of the products concerned (see the HS General Explanatory Notes to this chapter, (G)).

For classification as between the subheadings within a heading, the provisions of the Subheading Note 1 to this chapter are to be applied.

I. HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR HALOGENATED, SULPHONATED,
NITRATED OR NITROSATED DERIVATIVES

Cyclic hydrocarbons

This subheading includes: azulene (bicyclo[5,3,0]decapentaene) and its alkyl derivative, such as, for example, chamazulene (7-ethyl-1,4-dimethylazulene), guaiazulene (7-isopropyl-1,4-dimethylazulene), vetiverazulene (2-isopropyl-4,8-dimethylazulene).

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2902, part (C), (III), (a) and (c).

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2902, part (C), (II), (a) and (d).

Halogenated derivatives of hydrocarbons

This subheading includes : 1,1-difluoroethane, carbon tetrafluoride (tetrafluoromethane), tetrafluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, trifluoromethane.

This subheading includes lindane (ISO). Lindane is the gammaisomer of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) with a purity of 99 % or more. Only this gammaisomer of HCH has insecticidal properties. Lindane is used in agriculture and for the treatment of wood.

II. ALCOHOLS AND THEIR HALOGENATED, SULPHONATED,
NITRATED ORNITROSATED DERIVATIVES

Acyclic alcohols and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives

This subheading only covers alcohols : secbutyl (butan-2-ol) and isobutyl (2-methylpropan-1-ol)

This subheading only covers : alcohols : n-amyl (pentan-1-ol), secamyl (pentan-2-ol), tertamyl (2-methylbutan-2-ol, amylene hydrate), isoamyl (3-methylbutan-1-ol), secisoamyl (3-methyl-butan-2-ol), 2-methylbutan-1-ol, neopentyl (neoamyl, 2,2-dimethylpropan-1-ol), pentan-3-ol.

These subheadings cover only D-glucitol (sorbitol) complying with the provisions of Note 1 to this chapter. Forms of D-glucitol (sorbitol) which do not so comply, are classified in subheadings 3824 60 11 to 3824 60 99.

Cyclic alcohols and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives

This subheading covers only : (—)-paramenthol-3 ((—)-trans-1,2-cis-1,5-isopropyl-2-methyl-5-cyclohexanol), (±)-paramenthol-3, and (+)-paramenthol-3.

The subheading does not include neomenthol, isomenthol or neoisomenthol (subheading 2906 19 00).

VI. KETONE-FUNCTION COMPOUNDS AND QUINONE-FUNCTION COMPOUNDS

Ketones and quinones, whether or not with other oxygen function, and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives

For the purposes of this subheading, ‘other oxygen function’ means any of the oxygen functions specified in the preceding headings of this chapter other than the alcohol, aldehyde and phenol functions.

These subheadings cover the products referred to in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2914, parts (E) and (F). For the purposes of these subheadings, ‘quinones’ is to be understood in a broad sense, i.e., ‘quinones whether or not with other oxygen function’; they consequently cover quinones without other oxygen function (other than the quinone function), quinone-alcohols, quinone-phenols, quinone aldehydes, and quinones with other oxygen function (other than those mentioned above).

VII. CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR ANHYDRIDES, HALIDES, PEROXIDES
AND PEROXYACIDS AND THEIR HALOGENATED, SULPHONATED, NITRATED
OR NITROSATED DERIVATIVES

As regards the purity criteria for fatty acids and their derivates, see the General Explanatory Notes to this chapter, Note 1 (a), items 13 and 20.

As regards the purity criteria for fatty acids and their derivatives, see the General Explanatory Notes to this chapter, Note 1 (a), items 13, 14 and 20.

VIII. ESTERS OF INORGANIC ACIDS AND THEIR SALTS AND THEIR HALOGENATED, SULPHONATED, NITRATED OR NITROSATED DERIVATIVES

Phosphoric esters and their salts, including lactophosphates; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2919, second paragraph, (3) to (6).

There are only two tributyl phosphates, namely tri-n-butyl phosphate and triisobutyl phosphate, and only three tritolyl phosphates and trixylyl phosphates, namely the ortho-, meta- and para-isomers.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2919, second paragraph, (1), (2), (7) and (8).

This subheading includes a - and ß-glycerophosphoric acid and their salts, namely a - and ß-glycerophosphoric as well as tris(2-methoxyphenyl) phosphate (guaicol phosphate).

IX. NITROGEN-FUNCTION COMPOUNDS

Amine-function compounds

See the HS Explanatory Notes to subheadings 2921 42 to 2921 49.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to subheadings 2921 42 to 2921 49.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to subheadings 2921 42 to 2921 49.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to subheadings 2921 42 to 2921 49.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to subheadings 2921 42 to 2921 49.

Quaternary ammonium salts and hydroxides; lecithins and other phosphoaminolipids

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2923, fourth paragraph, (2).

The other phosphoaminolipids of this subheading are esters (phosphatides) similar to lecithins. These include cephalin, the nitrogenous organic bases of which are colamine and serine, and sphingomyelin, the nigrogenous bases of which are choline and sphingosine.

Carboxyimide-function compounds (including saccharin and its salts) and imine-function compounds

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2925, (A), first paragraph, (1).

X. ORGANO-INORGANIC COMPOUNDS, HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS, NUCLEIC ACIDS AND THEIR SALTS, AND SULPHONAMIDES

Organo-sulphur compounds as defined in Note 6 to this chapter are to be classified within this heading, whether or not they contain other non-metals or metals directly linked to carbon atoms.

Heterocyclic compounds with oxygen hetero-atom(s) only

See the HS Explanatory Notes to subheading 2932 29.

See also the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2932, first paragraph, (B), (d) to (v).

Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only

See the HS Explanatory Notes to subheadings 2933 11, 2933 21 and 2933 54.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to subheadings 2933 11, 2933 21 and 2933 54.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to subheadings 2933 11, 2933 21 and 2933 54.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to subheadings 2933 11, 2933 21 and 2933 54.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to subheading 2933 79.

See also the HS Explantory Notes to heading No 2933, first paragraph, (G), (2) to (7).

XI. PROVITAMINS, VITAMINS AND HORMONES

The products of this heading may be :

— stabilized by coating, e.g., with gelatin, wax, fats, rubber of various kinds or derivatives of cellulose in the form of microcapsules;

Classification in this heading is not affected by the addition of plasticizers or anti-caking agents.

This heading covers only products satisfying the criteria given in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2937, the first four paragraphs.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading 2937, list of products which are to be classified as products of heading 2937, (A), (2).

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading 2937, list of products which are to be classified as products of heading 2937, (A), (3) to (20).

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2937, list of products which are to be classified as products of heading 2937, (B).

See also, in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2937, the ‘List of steroids used primarily for their hormone function’ as regards the substances listed as ‘corticosteroid’.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading 2937, list of products which are to be classified as products of heading 2937, (B), (1), (a), (b), (c) and (d).

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2937, list of products which are to be classified as products of heading 2937, (B), (2).

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2937, list of products which are to be classified as products of heading 2937, (B), (3).

See also, in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2937, the ‘List of steroids used primarily for their hormone function’ as regards the substances listed as ‘oestrogen’ or ‘progestogen’.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading 2937, list of products which are to be classified as products of heading 2937, (B), (1), (e) and (f), and (4).

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading 2937, list of products which are to be classified as products of heading 2937, (C).

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading 2937, list of products which are to be classified as products of heading 2937, (D).

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading 2937, list of products which are to be classified as products of heading 2937, (E).

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading 2937, list of products which are to be classified as products of heading 2937, (F).

XII. GLYCOSIDES AND VEGETABLE ALKALOIDS, NATURAL OR REPRODUCED BY SYNTHESIS, AND THEIR SALTS, ETHERS, ESTERS AND
OTHER DERIVATIVES

Glycosides of this heading are composed of a sugar part and a non-sugar part (aglycone). These parts are bonded to each other via the anomeric carbon atom of the sugar. Thus, products such as vaccinin and hamamelitannin of heading No 2940 are not considered to be glycosides.

The most common naturally-occurring glycosides are the O-glycosides. However, there are also naturally-occuring N-glycosides, S-glycosides and C-glycosides, in which the sugar's anomeric carbon is linked to the aglycone via a nitrogen atom, a sulphur atom or a carbon atom (e.g., sinigrin, aloin, scoparin).

The following products are excluded from this heading :

(b) alkaloids of heading No 2939 (e.g., tomatine);

In addition to the compounds mentioned in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2938, third paragraph, (2), this subheading includes :

— desacetyllanatoside A, B, C and D;

— gitalin, gitaloxin, gitonin, gitoxin, glucoverodoxin;

— trigonin, verodoxin.

This subheading includes the compounds mentioned in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 2938, third paragraph, (4) to (9), and last two paragraphs.

Vegetable alkaloids, natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives

This subheading includes the following alkaloids of rye ergot : ergotaminine; ergosine and ergosinine; ergocristine and ergocristinine; ergocryptine and ergocryptinine; ergocornine and ergocorninine; ergobasine and ergobasinine, and their derivatives, e.g., dihydroergotamine, dihydroergotoxine, methylergobasine.

XIII. OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Antibiotics

See the HS Explanatory Notes to subheading 2941 10.

Some examples of penicillins are : benzylpenicillin sodium (phenacetylpenine sodium), amylpenicillin sodium (n-carboxyhexenylpenine sodium), the biosynthesis penicillins and the sustained-release penicillins such as procaine penicillin and benzathine dipenicillin.

In addition to streptomycin, these subheadings include dihydrostreptomycin, mannosidostreptomycin and the salts of all these products, e.g., their sulphates and pantothenates.

This subheading includes chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline and tetracycline hydrochloride.

The salts of erythromycin include the hydrochloride, sulphate, citrate, palmitate, stearate and glucoheptonate; with acid chlorides it gives corresponding esters, and with acid anhydrides it forms monoesters such as glutarate, maleate and phthalate.

Glands and other organs for organo-therapeutic uses, dried, whether or not powdered; extracts of glands or other organs or of their secretions for organo-therapeutic uses; heparin and its salts; other human or animal substances prepared for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, not elsewhere specified or included

In addition to the products mentioned in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3001, (A), these subheadings include the hypophysis, the suprarenal capsules and the thyroid gland.

This subheading includes intrinsic factor (dried purified extracts of pyloric mucous membrane of swine).

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3001, (C).

Human blood; animal blood prepared for therapeutic, prophylactic or diagnostic uses; antisera and other blood fractions and modified immunological products, whether or not obtained by means of biotechnological processes; vaccines, toxins, cultures of micro-organisms (excluding yeasts) and similar products

This subheading covers the products described in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3002, (C), (1), third paragraph.

It does not include sera used as reagents to determine blood groups or blood factors (heading No 3006) or ‘normal’ sera (subheading 3002 10 95 or 3002 10 99).

This subheading includes human normal immunoglobulin.

These subheadings include ‘normal’ sera, plasma, fibrinogen, fibrin and, provided that it is prepared for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, blood albumin (e.g., obtained by fractionating the plasma of human blood).

Blood albumin not prepared for therapeutic or prophylactic uses is therefore excluded (Note 1 (g) to this chapter) (heading No 3502).

For the interpretation of the term ‘vaccines’, see the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3002, (D), (1).

See the Explanatory Notes to subheading 3002 20 00.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3002, (D), (3).

This subheading includes toxins and, in so far as they are ‘similar products’, the symbiotic parasites used to treat certain diseases, such as Plasmodium (the malarial parasite) and Trypanosoma cruzi.

Medicaments (excluding goods of heading No 3002, 3005 or 3006) consisting of two or more constituents which have been mixed together for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, not put up in measured doses or in forms or packings for retail sale

This subheading also includes combinations of penicillin and streptomycin

Medicaments (excluding goods of heading No 3002, 3005 or 3006) consisting of mixed or unmixed products for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, put up in measured doses (including those in the form of transdermal administration systems) or in forms or packings for retail sale

See Additional Note 1 to this chapter.

Unlike the previous heading, this heading covers ‘unmixed products’. For the interpretation of the term ‘unmixed products’, see Note 3 (a) to this chapter and the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3004, fourth and fifth paragraphs.

The terms ‘in measured doses’ (including those in the form of transdermal administration systems) and ‘forms or packings for retail sale for therapeutic or prophylactic uses’ are defined in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3004, first and second paragraphs.

Medicaments put up in packings for long-term administration or for hospitals and similar establishments are included here. In this case, a larger number of units of the product is contained and the intended long-term administration or hospital use is generally indicated on the packing.

The fact that medicaments containing, for example, antibiotics, hormones or lyphilized products, and put up in ampoules or bottles must still have added to them pyrogen-free water or another dilutent before being administered, does not exclude them from this heading.

This subheading covers exclusively products put up in measured doses (including those in the form of transdermal administration systems), but not in forms or packings for retail sale.

See the Explanatory Notes to subheading 3004 20 90.

See the Explanatory Notes to subheading 3004 20 90.

See the Explanatory Notes to subheading 3004 20 90.

See the Explanatory Notes to subheading 3004 20 90.

See the Explanatory Notes to subheading 3004 20 90.

See the Explanatory Notes to subheading 3004 20 90.

Wadding, gauze, bandages and similar articles (for example, dressings, adhesive plasters, poultices), impregnated or coated with pharmaceutical substances or put up in forms or packings for retail sale for medical, surgical, dental or veterinary purposes

This subheading does not cover liquid dressings (subheading 3005 90 99).

Pharmaceutical goods specified in note 4 to this chapter

The terms of these subheadings are to be interpreted strictly. They do not, therefore, cover sterile suture clips (heading No 9018).

Mineral or chemical fertilisers, phosphatic

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3103, (A), (1).

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3103, (A), (2).

See Note 6 to this chapter for the definition of ‘other fertilisers’ used in this heading.

The term 'similar forms' applies to goods put up in measured quantities. Consequently, fertilisers put up in the usual, industrial forms (for example, granules) are not to be considered as ‘similar forms’.

The expression ‘containing the three fertilising elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium’ means that the elements indicated are in sufficient quantity to exercise a real fertilising action and are not simply impurities.

Nitrogen may be present in the form of nitrates, ammonium salts, urea, calcium cyanamide or other organic compounds.

Phosphorus is generally present in the form of phosphates which are more or less soluble or, occasionally, in organic form.

Potassium is present in the form of salts (carbonate, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, etc.).

In trade, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is expressed, respectively, as N, P₂O₅ and K₂O.

These subheadings include the fertilisers referred to in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3105, (B) and (C), provided that they contain the three fertilising elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. They are sometimes called ‘NPK fertilisers’.

The double phosphates of ammonium and potassium, which are chemically defined compounds, are excluded from these subheadings (subheading 2842 90 90).

As regards the interpretation of the term ‘containing the two fertilising elements nitrogen and phosphorus’, the Explanatory Notes to subheadings 3105 20 10 and 3105 20 90 apply, mutatis mutandis.

This subheading includes fertilisers containing both nitrates and phosphates of any cations, including ammonium but excluding potassium.

The product described in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3105, (B), (2), but obtained without adding potassium salts, is an example of a fertiliser which falls within this subheading.

This subheading includes :

2. phospho-nitrogenous fertilisers in which the nitrogen is present in a form other than nitric or ammoniacal, i.e. in the form of calcium cyanamide, urea of other organic compounds;

As regards the interpretation of the term ‘containing the two fertilising elements phosphorus and potassium’, the Explanatory Notes to subheadings 3105 20 10 and 3105 20 90 apply, mutatis mutandis.

These subheadings include fertilisers made-up of the following mixtures :

— superphosphates and potassium sulphate.

These subheadings include :

2. fertilisers with a single fertilising element, other than those falling within heading Nos 3102 to 3104.

The term 'solutions' used both in this note and in Note 6 (a) to chapter 39 does not apply to colloidal solutions.

Tanning extracts of vegetable origin; tannins and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives

Wattle tanning extract is obtained from the bark of different species of acacia (in particular Acacia decurrens, Acacia pycnantha, Acacia mollissima).

Black cutch, an extract from Acacia catechu, is classified in subheading 3203 00 10.

Vallonias are the cupules (acorn cups) of certain species of oak (for example, of Quercus valonea).

This subheading includes, as tanning extracts of vegetable origin :

2. extracts from the wood of tizerah and urunday (Astronium balansae Engl.);

4. extracts from the leaves of gambier.

Synthetic organic tanning substances; inorganic tanning substances; tanning preparations, whether or not containing natural tanning substances; enzymatic preparations for pre-tanning

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3202, (I), (A).

This subheading includes the products referred to in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3202, (I), (B) and (II).

Colouring matter of vegetable or animal origin (including dyeing extracts but excluding animal black), whether or not chemically defined; preparations as specified in note 3 to this chapter based on colouring matter of vegetable or animal origin

Extracts of certain varieties of Persian berries are not used mainly as colouring matter and, consequently, are not included in this subheading. This applies particularly to extracts of berries of the Rhamnus cathartica which are used for medicinal purposes and for this reason are classified in subheading 1302 19 90.

This subheading includes black cutch (Acacia catechu). Black cutch is a dyeing extract obtained from the catechu, a variety of acacia.

Synthetic organic colouring matter, whether or not chemically defined; preparations as specified in note 3 to this chapter based on synthetic organic colouring matter; synthetic organic products of a kind used as fluorescent brightening agents or as luminophores, whether or not chemically defined

These subheadings cover :

2. the preparations specified in Note 3 to this chapter, namely the products described in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3204, part (I), second paragraph, (C) to (E).

With regard to colouring matters of subheadings 3204 11 00 to 3204 19 00 which, in view of their utilization, may belong to two or more categories falling within different subheadings, see the HS Explanatory Notes to subheadings 3204 11 to 3204 19, eleventh paragraph, to determine their classification.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to subheadings 3204 11 to 3204 19, second paragraph.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to subheadings 3204 11 to 3204 19, third and fourth paragraphs.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to subheadings 3204 11 to 3204 19, fifth paragraph.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to subheadings 3204 11 to 3204 19, sixth paragraph.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to subheadings 3204 11 to 3204 19, seventh paragraph.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to subheadings 3204 11 to 3204 19, eighth paragraph.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to subheadings 3204 11 to 3204 19, ninth paragraph.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to subheadings 3204 11 to 3204 19, tenth to twelfth paragraphs.

This subheading covers the products described in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3204, (II), (1).

This subheading covers synthetic organic products of a kind used as luminophores, which are described in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3204, (II), (2), and the following three paragraphs.

See Note 5 to this chapter.

Nucleate pigments, i.e., pigments consisting of grains or inert material (generally of silica) each of which, by means of special technical processes, has been coated with an individual layer of inorganic colouring matter, are classified in the heading appropriate to the colouring matter constituting the coating.

Thus, for example, pigments of the abovementioned type in which the coating consists of basic silico-chromate of lead are classified in subheading 3206 20 00; those in which the coating consists of copper borate or calcium plumbate are classified in subheading 3206 49 90.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3206, (A), (1), and, in so far as they concern preparations of these subheadings, the four paragraphs following (13).

See also the HS Explanatory Notes to subheading 3206 19.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3206, (A), (2), and, in so far as they concern preparations of this subheading, the four paragraphs following (13).

1. molybdenum red, consisting of mixed crystals of lead molybdate, lead chromate and, usually, lead sulphate;

3. pigments based on ferrous chromate ('Siderin' yellow), potassium dichromate and calcium dichromate or chrome oxide.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3206, (A), (3), and, in so far as they concern preparations of this subheading, the four paragraphs following (13).

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3206, (A), (4), and, in so far as they concern preparations of this subheading, the four paragraphs following (13).

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3206, (A), (5), and, in so far as they concern preparations of this subheading, the four paragraphs following (13).

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3206, (A), (6), and, in so far as they concern preparations of this subheading, the four paragraphs following (13).

This subheading only covers finely ground magnetite.

Magnetite of which 95 % or more by weight passes through a sieve with a mesh of 0,045 mm is regarded as finely ground.

In addition to the products referred to in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3206, (A), (7) to (13), this subheading includes :

2. artificial ochre which is a pigment obtained from artificial iron oxides; and

In the case of pigments consisting of finely ground ores, the expression ‘finely ground’, should be interpreted in the same manner as for magnetite of subheading 3206 49 10.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3206, (B).

Prepared pigments, prepared opacifiers and prepared colours, vitrifiable enamels and glazes, engobes (slips), liquid lustres and similar preparations, of a kind used in the ceramic, enamelling or glass industry; glass frit and other glass, in the form of powder, granules or flakes

This subheading covers the products described in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3207, first paragraph, (1).

1. the pigment known as cobalt aluminate consisting of a non-stoichiometric mixture of aluminium oxide and cobalt oxide;

3. mixtures of chromium oxide and of cobalt oxide;

5. mixtures of antimonates of lead and iron;

7. vanadium blue consisting of zirconium silicate and small quantities of vanadium trioxide;

9. iron red, consisting of zirconium silicate and ferric oxide;

10. prepared opacifiers with a basis of tin oxide, zirconium oxide, zirconium silicate, etc.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3207, first paragraph, (3).

This subheading basically covers vitrifiable compositions. These are products which are generally in the form of powders, granules or flakes which when heated vitrify to produce a smooth homogeneous surface on ceramic or metal goods. This surface may be glossy or matt, coloured or white, transparent or opaque.

These products can be made up as follows :

2. from mixtures, reduced to powder, of silica, felspar, kaolin, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, etc. (i.e., the components of glass frit which are insoluble in water) and, possibly, of pigments.

3. from the products mentioned at 1 and 2 above, with the addition of opacifiers. In this case the opaque coatings obtained are white or coloured;

The coloured pigments used for the manufacture of products of this subheading include oxides and salts of cobalt, nickel, copper, iron, manganese, uranium and chromium.

Tin oxide, zirconium oxide and zirconium silicate, titanium oxide and arsenious anhydride may be added as opacifiers.

In addition to the products referred to in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3207, first paragraph, (4), this subheading covers preparations with a basis of silver, dispersed in collodion or terpineol, which are applied to mica or glass in the electrical and ceramic industries.

These subheadings cover :

1. glass frit, i.e., the product obtained by suddenly cooling in water the liquid mass or paste resulting from the fusion of the original components of glass. These components include, for example, silica, sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, barium carbonate, potassium carbonate, calcium carbonate, sodium sulphate, potassium sulphate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, lead oxides (litharge and red lead), kaolin, felspar, borax and boric acid.

Grass frit of these subheadings is used principally for the preparation of vitrifiable compositions. It can be distinguished from the frits of subheadings 3207 20 10 and 3207 20 90 by the fact that it does not contain pigments, opacifiers or oxides facilitating the adherence of the coating to metallic surfaces, and that it produces, after heat vitrification, a surface more or less transparent but not uniformly opaque or coloured;

2. powder and granules of glass obtained by crushing and grinding broken and waste glassware. These products, as well as certain types of frits of paragraph 1 above, are used in the preparation of abrasive papers and cloths, are sintered to form discs, plates, tubes, etc. and employed for various laboratory purposes;

3. ‘enamel glass’ in the form of powder, granules, etc. which is a special glass used for the ornamentation of glass articles. Normally it melts between 540 and 600 °C in a transparent mass, generally coloured. When in bulk it falls within heading 7001 00, when in bars, rods or tubes it falls within subheading 7002 20 90 or 7002 39 00;

4. glass in flakes, whether coloured or silvered, used for decoration and obtained by crushing small spherical bubbles of blown glass;

5. vitrite, also known as foam glass, in powder or granules obtained from a white, grey or black spongy mass, depending on the impurities which it contains, and used principally for the manufacture of electrical insulators (e.g., bases of electrical bulbs).

These subheadings do not cover glass-microspheres for coating cinema screens, electronic display panels, etc. (subheading 7018 20 00).

Pigments (including metallic powders and flakes) dispersed in non-aqueous media, in liquid or paste form, of a kind used in the manufacture of paints (including enamels); stamping foils; dyes and other colouring matter put up in forms or packings for retail sale

See Note 6 to this chapter and the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3212, (B).

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3212, (A).

1. zinc powder, which is incompatible with acid binders but is an excellent rust-inhibitive pigment;

3. lead powder, a basic reaction pigment, used as a rust inhibitor (possibly mixed with red lead or basic lead sulphate) in oil paints or oil varnishes applied as a priming coat to large steel sections (hangar structures, bridges, viaducts, etc.);

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3212, (C).

Some constituents of essential oils, by nature, spoil the fragrance and are preferably removed, such as terpenic hydrocarbons (e.g., pinene, camphene, limonene).

Essential oils may be deterpenated by various methods according to their composition, in particular by fractional distillation in a vacuum, fractional crystallisation by cooling to a low temperature, separation by means of solvents, etc.

Essential oils which still retain their terpenic constituents and essential oils which, by their nature, do not contain terpenic constituents (e.g., wintergreen oil and mustard oil) are referred to as ‘not deterpenated’.

These oils are obtained, almost entirely, from the peel of the fruit. They have a pleasant odour which is similar to that of the fruit used in their preparation. Orange blossom oils or neroli oil are not regarded as essential oils of citrus fruit and are classified in subheading 3301 29 61 or 3301 29 91.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3301, (C).

This subheading includes :

2. aqueous distillates and aqueous solutions of essential oils (see the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3301, (D), first to fourth paragraphs).

Preparations for use on the hair

Hair lotions are products applied to the hair in liquid form to produce an effect upon either the hair shaft or the scalp. They are generally aqueous or alcoholic solutions.

Soap; organic surface-active products and preparations for use as soap, in the form of bars, cakes, moulded pieces or shapes, whether or not containing soap; organic surface-active products and preparations for washing the skin, in the form of liquid or cream and put up for retail sale, whether or not containing soap; paper, wadding, felt and nonwovens, impregnated, coated or covered with soap or detergent

This subheading covers the products described in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3401, (I), seventh paragraph, (1), and those products referred to in parts (II) and (III) which are for toilet use.

This subheading includes soap in liquid or paste form.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading 3401, (III).

Lubricating preparations (including cutting-oil preparations, bolt or nut release preparations, anti-rust or anti-corrosion preparations and mould release preparations, based on lubricants) and preparations of a kind used for the oil or grease treatment of textile materials, leather, furskins or other materials, but excluding preparations containing, as basic constituents, 70 % or more by weight of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals

This subheading covers the preparations referred to in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3403, first paragraph, (A), which contain by weight less than 70 % petroleum oils or oils obtained from bituminous materials.

This subheading does not include such preparations containing by weight 70 % or more of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals. When such oils are the basic constituent of the preparation, they fall within heading No 2710 11 11 to 2710 19 99 and in other cases in subheading 3403 19 10.

These subheadings cover preparations of the type referred to in heading No 3403 which do not contain petroleum oils or oils obtained from bituminous materials. The expression ‘petroleum oils or oils obtained from bituminous materials’ means the products defined in Note 2 to chapter 27.

These subheadings include :

1. lubricating preparations consisting of molybdenum disulphide and polypropylene glycol and other lubricating preparations with a basis of molybdenum disulphide, whether concentrated or in the form of pencils, rods, small plates, sheets and the like;

2. mould release preparations consisting of an aqueous dispersion of polyethylene wax and aminoalcohol soap;

This subheading includes the products referred to in the HS Explantatory Notes to heading No 3403, first paragraph, (A), which do not contain petroleum oils or oils obtained from bituminous materials.

Artificial waxes and prepared waxes

This subheading covers the products listed in the HS Explantatory Notes to heading No 3404, first paragraph, (B) and (C).

This subheading covers the waxes referred to in the HS Explantatory Notes to heading No 3404, first paragraph, (A).

Polishes and creams, for footwear, furniture, floors, coachwork, glass or metal, scouring pastes and powders and similar preparations (whether or not in the form of paper, wadding, felt, nonwovens, cellular plastics or cellular rubber, impregnated, coated or covered with such preparations), excluding waxes of heading No 3404

The primary materials used in the manufacture of products for footwear consist generally of waxes (animal, vegetable, mineral or artificial), volatile solvents (spirits of turpentine, white spirit, etc.), colouring material and various other substances (alcohol, borax, artificial oils, emulsifiers, etc.).

Leather dyes, particularly those for suède footwear, are not products of the nature of polishes and creams and fall within subheading 3212 90 90 (if they are, as is generally the case, put up in forms or in packings of a kind sold by retail). Also excluded from this subheading are whitenings for footwear, which fall within subheading 3210 00 90. Greases for footwear fall generally within subheading 3403 11 00 or 3403 91 00.

Products intended for the maintenance of wood (floors, furniture, woodwork) have cleansing properties and leave on the surfaces to which they are applied a thin protective skin which, after drying and in some cases polishing, brighten their colour or give them a glossy appearance. Products of this type are generally put up in cans, bottles, pads or aerosols. During manufacture, in addition to waxes, solvents, colouring materials and special additives going into the composition of polishes and creams for footwear, certain of the following products are frequently used : fatty acids, vegetable oils (e.g., palm oil, linseed oil) or mineral oils, soaps or surface-active agents, resins (copal, rosin or colophony, etc.), silicones, perfumes (e.g., essence of pine, rosemary), insecticides, etc., but not abrasives.

Products intended for the maintenance of vehicle bodywork generally consist of a waxy emulsion or solution containing silicones, oils, emulsifying agents and, possibly, soft abrasives.

Scouring powders for baths, washbasins, tiles, etc. consist of very finely divided abrasive mixtures (e.g., pumice-stone, sandstone) and pulverized cleansers (e.g., surface-active agents with active anions, soap powder, sodium phosphate, anhydrous sodium carbonate). They are generally put up in tins or packets. Scouring pastes are scouring products made by binding the powders with, for example, a wax solution.

Metal polishes are intended to restore, by surface treatment, the original appearance to corroded, soiled or weathered metals. This result is obtained by abrasion (a mechanical polishing action by an abrasive) and by a chemical or cleansing action of the acids or alkalis on the oxides, sulphides and various tarnishes.

The primary materials used in the manufacture of metal polishes are very finely divided abrasives (e.g., pumice-stone, chalk, kieselguhr, tripolite, bentonite, silica), acids (e.g., oxalic acid, oleic acid, phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid) volatile solvents (e.g., white spirit, trichlorethylene, denatured alcohol), alkalis (e.g., ammonia, soda), surface-active products such as fatty sulphonic alcohols, fats, soaps and in some cases colouring material and synthetic perfumes.

Metal polishes are presented in the form of powder, pastes various compositions (creams or emulsions) and liquids. Depending on the type, they are presented in bottles, cans, metal tubes, tins, packets or in the form of small lumps, cones, sticks, etc.

This subheading includes in particular :

2. products for polishing, finishing and fine grinding other materials.

Casein, caseinates and other casein derivatives; casein glues

These subheadings cover the caseins referred to in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3501, (A), (1). These caseins — irrespective of the method of precipitation used to obtain them — are classified in these subheadings when they contain 15 % or less by weight of water; otherwise they are classified in heading No 0406.

The caseins of this subheading are used, in particular, in the manufacture of dietetic products (e.g., biscuits, bread); they can also be used in preparations of animal foodstuffs.

Casein glues, also known as cold glues, are preparations with a basis of caseins and chalk to which are added small quantities of other products such as borax and natural ammonium chloride. They can also contain fillers, for example, felspar.

Although it can be used as a glue, calcium caseinate without other materials added falls within subheading 3501 90 90.

This subheading includes caseinates and other derivatives of casein referred to in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3501, (A), (2) and (A), (3) respectively.

Caseinates are put up in the form of white or light yellow powders, and are almost odourless.

See Additional Note 1 to this chapter.

Concentrated milk proteins are generally obtained by removing part of the lactose and mineral salts from skimmed milk by means, for example, of ultrafiltration. They are composed essentially of casein and whey proteins (lactoglubulins, lactalbumins, etc.) in the ratio of approximately 4 : 1. Their protein content is calculated by multiplying the nitrogen content by a conversion factor of 6,38.

When the protein content of a concentrated milk protein amounts to 85 % or less of the dry matter, the product is covered by subheading 0404 90.

Prepared glues and other prepared adhesives, not elsewhere specified or included; products suitable for use as glues or adhesives, put up for retail sale as glues or adhesives, not exceeding a net weight of 1 kg

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3506, first paragraph, (A), concerning the presentation of these products.

This subheading includes methylcellulose glue in flakes or lumps which can be dissolved in water to produce an adhesive particularly suitable for wallpaper.

In addition to the products mentioned in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3506, first paragraph, (B), (1) to (3), this subheading includes glues based on lichen, flour paste and glues based on agar-agar.

Enzymes; prepared enzymes not elsewhere specified or included

In addition to the products mentioned in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3507 (excluding rennet and concentrates thereof, lipoprotein lipase and Aspergillus alkaline protease), this subheading includes penicillinase, asparaginase and kallidinogenase (INN) (kallikrein).

Safety fuses; detonating fuses; percussion or detonating caps; igniters; electric detonators

This subheading only covers the products described in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3603, second paragraph, (A).

Fireworks, signalling flares, rain rockets, fog signals and other pyrotechnic articles

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3604, first paragraph, (1), (a).

In addition to the products referred to in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3604, first paragraph, (1), (b), and (2), and second paragraph, this subheading includes amorces which are used in safety lamps, known as flame safety lamps, intended to reveal the presence of firedamp in mine galleries. These amorces are arranged on narrow strips of textile approximately 4 mm in width and about 35 cm long. Each strip generally carries about 30 amorces and is usually put up coiled in a roll.

Photographic film in rolls, sensitised, unexposed, of any material other than paper, paperboard or textiles; instant print film in rolls, sensitised, unexposed

Microfilm of this subheading does not normally differ from cinematographic film but is used for the frame-by-frame reproduction of documents. It is also used for the reproduction of computer program listings, in which case it is identified by the letters COM. Microfilm is usually put up in widths of 8 mm, 16 mm and 35 mm and in lengths of approximately 30 m, 61 m, 122 m and 305 m.

Film for the graphic arts is used in the printing industry for the photomechanical reproduction of illustrations and textual matter (e.g., photolithography, heliogravure, photochromotypography, photostat reproduction).

See the Explanatory Notes to subheading 3702 32 11, first paragraph.

See the Explanatory Notes to subheading 3702 32 11, second paragraph.

See the Explanatory Notes to subheading 3702 32 11, second paragraph.

See the Explanatory Notes to subheading 3702 32 11.

See the Explanatory Notes to subheading 3702 32 11.

Photographic plates and film, exposed and developed, other than cinematographic film

This subheading covers reproductions, in reduced form, of documents (e.g., business papers, archive documents, industrial drawings); obtained by a photographic process.

Microfilm is film in the flat (microfiches) or in rolls consisting of a series of micro-images. Microfiches remain classified in this subheading even if framed.

This subheading does not cover microcopies on photographic paper, exposed and developed (in the form of microcards, books, etc.) which fall within subheading 4911 91 00.

Cinematographic film, exposed and developed, whether or not incorporating sound track or consisting only of sound track

These subheadings cover, as sound films, only those which incorporate both visual images and sound track on the same band. In the case of sound films in two bands, whether or not presented together, each band is classified in its appropriate subheading, i.e., film stock consisting only of sound track is classified in subheading 3706 10 10 or in subheading 3706 90 10 depending on its width, while film stock containing the visual images falls within one or other of the present subheadings or in subheadings 3706 90 31 to 3706 90 99 (application of Additional Note 1 to this chapter).

This subheading includes :

2. intermediate positive films printed from the original negatives; in the black-and-white process they are known as ‘duplicating positives’, ‘maroon positives’, ‘lavender mauve positives’, ‘master positives’, ‘masterprints’, ‘fine-grain masterprints’, or ‘lavender positives’, or ‘duplicating positives’, whereas in the colour process they are called ‘duplicating positives’, ‘interpositives’ or ‘intermediate positives’; these are put up on a base which is lightly tinted in mauve or maroon, or on a non-tinted base; these films are not normally used for projection but are intended for making duplicates of original negatives. Nevertheless they can be used exceptionally for viewing, for editing work or post-synchronization of a film.

3. duplicates of negatives printed from intermediate positive films and intended for printing positive copies; they are known as ‘duplicating negatives’ in black-and-white process and ‘internegatives’ in colour process (¹);

4. reversible internegatives which, in colour processing are obtained directly by inversion from the original negative and from which will be printed copies intended for exhibition;

Where they are of a width of 35 mm or more, all these films — with the exception of ‘matrix films’ — usually have the typical perforations for negatives (barrel-shaped).

This makes it possible to distinguish intermediate positive films with an untinted backing from positive films intended for projection which have perforations typical of positives.

‘Positive’ perforations           ‘Negative’ perforations

Nevertheless, it should be noted that films from certain countries (the former USSR in particular) show a unique type of perforation (Dubray-Howell) that is very similar to normal positive perforations and is also found in original negative films, in intermediate positives and negatives and also in positive copies intended for showing or projection.

‘Matrix films’ have perforations typical of positives but can be recognized by their thickness (almost double that of positives), by their dominant maroon colour and the slight relief of the images.

This subheading covers films intended for projection.

Positive films with two or more image bands are to be classified and assessed for duty according to the width and length of the film after splitting, i.e. the width and length of the film as it will be projected.

For example, a film with a width of 35 mm (four bands of 8 mm trimmings) and a length of 100 m is to be considered as an 8 mm film of a length of 400 m.

Examples of films with several image bands

A = Cutting.
B = 8 mm films after cutting.

See the Explanatory Notes to subheadings 3706 10 91 and 3706 10 99.

See the Explanatory Notes to subheading 3706 10 91.

See the Explanatory Notes to subheading 3706 10 99.

See Additional Note 2 to this chapter.

Artificial graphite; colloidal or semi-colloidal graphite; preparations based on graphite or other carbon in the form of pastes, blocks, plates or other semi-manufactures

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3801, (1).

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3801, (2).

This subheading covers colloidal graphite in aqueous suspension or in other non-oil suspension.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3801, (3), (b).

Activated carbon; activated natural mineral products; animal black, including spent animal black

Activated carbon of this subheading has an iodine number of 300 or more (milligrams of iodine absorbed per gram of carbon), as determined by the ASTM D 4607-86 method.

Generally, activated diatomite of this subheading, calcined with sintering agents such as sodium chloride or sodium carbonate (see the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3802, part (A), third paragraph, (b), (1), has the following characteristics :

— its pH as a 10 % suspension in water is between 7,5 and 10,5;

— its sodium content expressed as Na₂O is higher than 1,5 %.

This subheading covers activated bentonites corresponding to the description of activated earth (see the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3802, part (A), third paragraph, (b) (3). Activated bentonites falling within this subheading are differentiated from naturally occuring bentonites falling within subheading 2508 10 00 by a pH of generally less than 6 (acid bentonites), or higher than 9,5 (for an aqueous suspension and after standing for 1 hour) with a sodium carbonate content in excess of 2 % or an aggregate content of exchangeable sodium and calcium exceeding 80 meq/100 g (activated sodium bentonites).

Organophylic bentonites obtained by addition of, for instance, stearylamine are generally covered by subheading 3824 90 99.

Natural bentonites simply mixed with small quantities of sodium carbonate are covered by subheading 3824 90 99.

Tall oil, whether or not refined

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3803, first two paragraphs.

Residual lyes from the manufacture of wood pulp, whether or not concentrated, desugared or chemically treated, including lignin sulphonates, but excluding tall oil of heading No 3803

This subheading covers the products obtained by strongly concentrating the residual lyes from the manufacture of wood pulp by the sulphite process, sometimes after suitable chemical treatment to modify its degree of acidity or alkalinity, ash content, colour and colloidal properties.

Gum, wood or sulphate turpentine and other terpenic oils produced by the distillation or other treatment of coniferous woods; crude dipentene; sulphite turpentine and other crude para-cymene; pine oil containing alpha-terpineol as the main constituent

This subheading covers only the product obtained exclusively and directly from the distillation (by steam extraction) of the oleoresins tapped from growing coniferous trees.

This subheading covers the product mentioned in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3805, second paragraph, (2), (a).

This subheading covers the product mentioned in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3805, second paragraph, (2), (b).

This subheading covers the product mentioned in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3805, second paragraph, (5).

This subheading includes turpentine from which the beta-pinene has been almost entirely removed by fractional distillation followed by mixing with other fractions. This product is marketed under the description ‘reconstituted spirits of turpentine’.

Rosin and resin acids, and derivatives thereof; rosin spirit and rosin oils; run gums

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3806, part (A).

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3806, part (B).

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3806, part (C).

This subheading includes :

2. rosin spirit and the rosin oils referred to in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3806, part (D), (II);

Wood tar; wood tar oils; wood creosote; wood naphtha; vegetable pitch; brewers' pitch and similar preparations based on rosin, resin acids or on vegetable pitch

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3807, second paragraph, (A), (1).

This subheading covers the products referred to in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3807, second paragraph, (A), (2) and (3), and (B), (C) and (D).

Insecticides, rodenticides, fungicides, herbicides, anti-sprouting products and plant-growth regulators, disinfectants and similar products, put up in forms or packings for retail sale or as preparations or articles (for example, sulphur-treated bands, wicks and candles, and fly-papers)

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3808, (I), after the three asterisks.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3808, (II), after the three asterisks.

This subheading includes :

2. preparations made from basic copper chloride and basic copper sulphate, copper oxychloride, copper silicate, copper acetoarsenite, copper oxide(s), copper hydroxide or copper carbonate, used for the same purpose;

4. chelates of organic copper salts with metallic soaps.

This subheading covers substances which, when applied to plants alter their physiological processes in a desired direction. They are applied to the whole plant, to parts of the plant or to the soil.

(a) overall growth;

(c) size or form of tubers;

(e) fruiting and size of fruit;

(g) time of flowering or fruit-ripening;

(h) plant sterility;

Plant-growth regulators fall into four major categories :

2. gibberellins which promote, in particular, bud growth and blossoming. They are all derived from gibberellic acid;

4. growth retarders.

This subheading does not include :

(b) soil improvers (conditioners);

(d) anti-sprouting products (subheading 3808 30 30).

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3808, (IV), after the three asterisks, first three paragraphs.

Finishing agents, dye carriers to accelerate the dyeing or fixing of dyestuffs and other products and preparations (for example, dressings and mordants), of a kind used in the textile, paper, leather or like industries, not elsewhere specified or included

In addition to the starch-based products and preparations described in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3809, third paragraph, (A), (1) and (11), and (B), (1) and (2), these subheadings cover mixtures of starch with borax or with carboxymethylcellulose (used for stiffening linen) and of mixtures of soluble starch and kaolin (used in paper manufacture).

Other

These subheadings cover the products and the preparations described in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading 3809, third paragraph, (A), (B) and (C), only if amylaceous substances do not form the basis of these products and preparations: (C261/03, 30.10.2003)

1. various dressings used in the textile industry to render fabrics crease-resistant or unshrinkable. These include urea-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde and glyoxaldiurea, precondensed, provided that they do not have the characteristics either of polycondensation products within the meaning of chapter 39 or of chemically defined compounds (chapter 29). Furthermore, these subheadings cover aqueous compounds (e.g., dimethylalurea, trimethylolmelamine) to which a perfume has been added to mask the odour of formaldehyde caused by the partial decomposition of the product;

2. dressings which, besides waterproofing fabrics, impart to them a considerable resistance to oil and dirt while leaving them permeable to air;

3. anti-static dressings, i.e., preparations which prevent the accumulation of static electricity in textile fibres or fabrics. These are generally preparations formed by precondensed water-soluble polyelectrolytes which, after a brief treatment at moderate temperature, are capable of forming on the fibre reticulated polycondensates that are sufficiently insoluble to withstand repeated washing or dry-cleaning. This category includes products formed by a basic, water-soluble, linear polyamide prepared from a dicarboxylic (e.g., adipic, succinic or terephthalic) acid with polyamines containing one or more secondary amine groups (e.g., diethylene-triamine, triethylenetetramine) and an alkylant (capable of reticulating the polyamide and thus rendering it insoluble by appropriate treatment under heat) consisting, for example, of particular dihalides (diiodides of polyethylene glycol of relatively low molecular weight, epichlorohydrin, etc.);

4. fire-resistant dressings which reduce the flammability of textiles and leather in particular. These are generally preparations based on ammonium salts, boric acid, chlorinated paraffins, antimony oxide, zinc oxide, other metallic oxides and certain organic compounds of nitrogen and/or phosphorus.

Anti-knock preparations, oxidation inhibitors, gum inhibitors, viscosity improvers, anti-corrosive preparations and other prepared additives, for mineral oils (including gasoline) or for other liquids used for the same purposes as mineral oils

This subheading covers preparations in which tetraethyl-lead is the only anti-knock constituent.

This subheading includes preparations in which tetramethyl-lead or ethylmethyl-lead or a mixture of tetraethyl- and tetramethyl-lead is the sole or principal anti-knock constituent.

Reaction initiators, reaction accelerators and catalytic preparations, not elsewhere specified or included

These are catalysts of a widely used type which are deposited on a support, generally by impregnation, coprecipitation or mixing. They usually consist either of one or more active substances deposited on a support or of mixtures with a basis of active substances. The active substances are usually very finely divided metals, metallic oxides or other metallic compounds. The metals most commonly used are those belonging to group VIII of the periodic table (especially cobalt, nickel, palladium and platinum) and molybdenum, chromium, copper and zinc. The support generally consists of alumina, silica gel, fossil meal, whether or not activated, ceramic materials, etc.

They are used in industrial processes for the production of organic and inorganic compounds and in petroleum refining (e.g., in ammonia synthesis, hydrogenation of fats, hydrogenation of olefins).

This category of catalysts also includes the following products :

1. certain preparations, based on compounds of transition metals, the function of which is to facilitate oxidation, and consequently elimination in the form of carbon dioxide in the course of combustion, of carbon residues (as in boilers and burners);

2. ‘post-combustion’ catalysts intended to be introduced into the exhaust systems of motor vehicles in order to reduce the polluting effect of the exhaust gases by converting the carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and by converting other toxic products (e.g., heterocyclic compounds) resulting from the combustion of petrol.

These subheadings cover mixtures based on compounds the nature and proportions of which vary according to the chemical reaction to be catalysed. They are frequently used in the manufacture of plastics, often under the name of initiators, transfer agents, terminators or telomers, and reticulating (or cross-linking) agents.

1. ‘radical’ catalysts

Amongst these are :

(b) preparations, based on azo compounds (such as asobisisobutyronitrile), which decompose in the course of the reactions, releasing nitrogen and forming free radicals;

2. ionic catalysts

These are generally organic solutions of compounds which generate ions capable of attaching themselves to the double bond and reproducing active sites in the resulting product;

(a) ziegler-type catalysts for the production of polyolefins (e.g., a mixture of titanium and triethylaluminium);

(c) catalysts for the preparation of polyurethanes (e.g., a mixture of triethylenediamine and tin compounds);

3. catalysts for polycondensation reactions

This heading does not cover eggs whether or not fertilised which, although from certified pathogen-free flocks, have not been prepared for the culture of micro-organisms (heading No 0407 or 0408).

Industrial monocarboxylic fatty acids; acid oils from refining; industrial fatty alcohols

For the purposes of this subheading, stearic acid means mixtures of fatty acids which are solid at normal temperature and have a pure stearic acid content of 30 % or more but less than 90 %, calculated on the weight of the dry product.

Products of this type having a stearic acid content of 90 % by weight or more fall within subheading 2915 70 25.

For the purposes of this subheading, oleic acid means mixtures of fatty acids which are liquid at normal temperature and have a pure oleic acid content of 70 % or more but less than 85 %, calculated on the weight of the dry product.

Products having an oleic acid content of 85 % or more by weight fall within subheading 2916 15 00.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3823, part (A), second paragraph, (3).

Products of this type containing by weight less than 901 % of fatty acids fall within heading No 3803 00.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3823, part (B).

This subheading covers only industrial fatty alcohols (mixtures of acyclic alcohols) in which none of the alcohol components comprises 90 % or more by weight of the dry product.

Products of this type in which one of the fatty alcohol components comprises 90 % by weight or more generally fall within heading No 2905.

Prepared binders for foundry moulds or cores; chemical products and preparations of the chemical or allied industries (including those consisting of mixtures of natural products), not elsewhere specified or included

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3824, part (A).

Naphthenic acids are mixtures of monocarboxylic alicyclic acids recovered during the refining of crude oil of certain origins (principally the former USSR and Romania).

This subheading also includes the water-insoluble salts of naphthenic acids (e.g., the salts of aluminium, barium, lead, chromium, calcium, manganese, cobalt, zinc) and the esters of those acids.

This subheading covers powders ready to be converted into ‘hard metals’ by sintering. They are composed of mixtures of different metal carbides (tungsten, titanium, tantalum and niobium carbides), with or without a metallic binder (cobalt or nickel powder), and often contain small quantities of paraffin wax (about 0,5 % by weight). Even a simple mixture of one of the abovementioned carbides with a metallic binder falls within this subheading, whereas each of these carbides, taken separately, falls within heading No 2849.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3824, part (B), sixth paragraph, (3).

This subheading includes concrete to which water has already been added. It is usually transported in concrete-mixer lorries.

This subheading includes :

2. mortar.

These subheadings include the ‘non-crystallisable’ varieties of sorbitol (D-glucitol), which are generally obtained from glucose syrup containing a proportion of other oligosaccharides by hydrogenation at high pressure. Their sorbitol (D-glucitol) content ranges from 60 to 80 % of the dry matter, the remaining constituents being essentially partly hydrogenated polyalcohols and oligosaccharides. For this reason, the tendency of sorbitol (D-glucitol) to crystallise is greatly reduced (hence the designation used : non-crystallisable sorbitol (D-glucitol)).

Sorbitol meeting the requirements of Note 1 to chapter 29 is classified in subheadings 2905 44 11 to 2905 44 99.

This subheading includes :

1. petroleum sulphonates of calcium or of barium, which generally have a mineral oil content of 55 to 70 % by weight. They are widely used in the manufacture of additives for mineral oils;

2. thiophenated sulphonic acids of oils obtained from bituminous minerals, prepared by dry distillation of certain bituminous shales followed by sulphuric acid treatment, intended for use in pharmacy and having a total sulphur content generally greater than 9 % by weight, as well as their salts, particularly these of calcium.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3824, part (B), sixth paragraph, (14).

This subheading includes ion exchangers based on sulphonated carbon, as well as certain types of clay provided that they have undergone particular treatments that render them suitable for use as ion exchangers (mainly cationic); among these is glauconite, which takes the form of a gel of alumino-silicates obtained from a sandy marl of marine origin. It is used principally for water-softening. Other products used for the same purposes are based on montmorillonite and kaolinite.

This subheading also includes synthetic ion-exchangers, such as artificial zeolites and those based on aluminium oxide or silica gel.

(a) pure silica gel (subheading 2811 22 00);

(c) activitated clay (subheading 3802 90 00).

This subheading covers articles known as ‘getters’. These are divided into ‘flash getters’ and ‘bulk getters’.

The first category are volatilized in the tube during its manufacture; they include : products composed both of barium and of aluminium, magnesium, tantalum, thorium, etc., in the form of wire or pellets; compositions consisting of a mixture of barium and strontium carbonates on tantalum wire.

The second category are merely heated but not volatilized and have only a contact absorption action. They are generally composed of pure metals (tantalum, tungsten, zirconium, niobium, thoricum) in the form of wire, wafers, etc., and cannot therefore be classified in this subheading.

This subheading covers products containing amines or derivatives thereof as their active constituents and used for the prevention of rust, for example :

2. organic solutions of fatty or resinous amines and their derivatives (e.g., phosphates and fatty diamines, fatty acid salts and fatty amine salts).

However, such preparations which are used as additives for mineral oils, e.g., corrosion inhibitors for fuel oils, are classified in heading No 3811.

This subheading covers products mentioned in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3824, (B), sixth paragraph, (15) and preparations which dissolve calcareous deposits.

This subheading covers, for example, special preparations for metallizing baths, polishing baths and products for electrography.

See the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3824, (B), sixth paragraph, (11).

In addition to the products mentioned in the HS Explanatory Notes to heading No 3824, (B), sixth paragraph, (6) and (42), this subheading also includes :

2. preparations based on dextrin and sodium carbonate, intended for use, after emulsification, as coatings for steelworks moulds;

4. products for degassing steel;

This subheading includes :

2. products (generally silicate-based) for impregnating the exterior of buildings as protection against water;